Surface condenser.



' PATENTED JUNE 9, 1908. W. H. EYERMANN.

SURFACE CONDENSER. APPLICATION FILED DEO.10,19,( )6.

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PATENTBD JUNE 9, 1908.

W. H. EYERMANN. SURFACE CONDENSER. APPLICATION rum) DEO.10,1906'.

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WILHELM HEINRICH EYERMAN N, OF WILMERSL'DORF, NEAR BERLIN, GERMANY.

SURFACE CONDENSER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 9, 1908.

Application filed December 10, 1906. Serial No. 347,153.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VVILHELM HEINRICH EYERMANN, engineer, a subject ofthe German Emperor, residing at W ilmersdorf, near Berlin, Germany, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Surface Condensers; andI do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The present invention relates to surface condensers and an importantobject is to provide one in which steam is conducted at a iigh velocityto cooled concave curved surfaces, in order to bring about an intimatecontacting of the steam with the cooled surface by means of thecentrifugal force of the steam.

It is known that condensation of steam on cooled surfaces takes placemore briskly, the more care is taken that the steam contacts directlywith the surface with a brisk motion. This was hitherto obtained byobstructions causing the steam to whirl or eddy, i. 6. im parting anirregular motion to it, for example by conducting the steam transverselythrough a bundle-of condensing tubes, or by arranging projectionsrunning transversely to the direction of the steam at the coolingsurfaces. These arran ements had the disadvantage that the velocity ofthe steam was very materially reduced by eddies, and the production ofadditional velocity for the cooling surfaces.

continued motion of the steam which was not as yet condensed wascombined with loss of pressure. The present invention avoids thisdisadvantage, as the steam flows regularly, and eddies which reduce thevelocity are avoided, without losing, however, the advantage of theintimate contact of the steam with the cooling surface. This effect isobtained by the steam being conducted at high speed to the regularconcave curved The heavy particles of condensed water are thrown withgreat force against the concave surface by the centrifugal force whichthe steam develops, and are thus separated from the current of steam.

In order that the cooling surface may not become coated with a layer ofwater which would be detrimental to the working of the condenser, thiswater must be removed from the cooling surface immediately after itsseparation from the steam. This is effected, in accordancewith thepresent invention, by cavities, holes, slots or the like being arrangedat suitable places in the cooling surface, 'in such a manner that theseparated water can just pass through, without the surface being so muchinterrupted, however, that the motion of the steam is disturbed in anyconsiderable degree. The water which has passed through the saidcavities is then conducted further away through pipes or channels, sothat it cannot get into the current of steam again. 1

In order to prevent having to specially produce the considerablevelocity of steam which is necessary for a good effect, the coolingsurfaces are preferably built as near as possible to the steam engine,especially when it is a steam turbine, which supplies the steam, so thatthe velocity of emission of the steam from said engine which in itselfis unavoidable is employed for the purpose mentioned.

In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, reference ismade to the accompanying drawing in which several embodiments are shownby way of example diagrammatically, and in which Figure l is a verticalcross-section, and Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of oneform, Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of a steam turbine withanother form of condenser directly attached thereto. Figs. 41, 5, 6, 7,and 8 show details of other forms. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal verticalsection of still another form of condenser, and Fig. 10

is a partial section on the line 1010 of Fig. 9.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, steam enters tangentially at a into thecylindrical drum 1) or condenser chamber, and in consequence of itsenergy flows along a spiral path at the cooled cylinder surface 0 withonly a slightly diminishing velocity. Slots (1 are situated in thissurface, through which the separated water enters into the channels 6,from which it is conducted away through the pipe f. The cylinder issurrounded by a chamber 9 through which cold water flows. The water isadmitted at h and discharged at i.

In Fig. 3 is shown the lower part of a turbine having another form of myinvention applied thereto. In this case thesteamissu plied in a circularjet to the condenser. T e cooling surfaces are stationary and may beregarded as generated by the rotation of the semi-circular forms runningfrom the top of the tube 76 horizontally outwards. The steam enters at aand then flows, as the arrow indicates, from without to within againstthe cooling surfaces 0 which arearranged one in and over another. Thewater which is condensed enters into annular channels 6 through slots (1at the edge of each ring, from which it flows away through the pipes finto the chamber-7c. The cold water chambers are situated above andbelow the cooling surfaces 0.

In order to increase the cooling surfaces without lengthening the pathof the steam and without appreciably increasing the resistance to itsmotion, ribs 1 ,(Figs. 4 and 5) may be arranged running in the directionof motion of the steam on the cooling surfaces.

The slots and channels (Z and 0 may in this case be preferably placedlikewise in the direction of the flow of the steam.

The cooling surface may consist of a bundle of tubes according to Figs.6, 7 and S, which is formed in such a manner that it offers a concavesurface which causes only slight frictional resistance to the steam andthe slots between the separate tubes allow the water which is condensedto pass through. The invention may also be employed as a preliminarycondenser in combination with an ordinary condenser.

In Figs. 9 and 10, still another form of con denser is shown, adapted tobe applied to the lower end of a vertically arranged turbine. The steamenters at a in the form of an annular jet and passes inwardly over thetubes 0 which are separated from each other by spaces (Z. I The tubes 0are hollow, as shown at g. The inner ends of the tube communicate withan annular portion 17, which is connected by a pipe on with the coldwater supply, and the outer ends of the tubes are con nected to anannular casing, having a discharge outlet -0. The condensed water passesdown through the spaces 01 between the tubes 0 and is discharged throughthe outlet opening 9.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent isj 1. The combination of a condenser cham ber having an opening for theadmission of steam and an emission opening, with watercooling meansadjacent to the same, the side of said chamber being concave hi thedirection of the flow of the steam in the same, and having cavities orslots in the same, and con duits communicating with said slots, wherebythe centrifugal force of the steam entering said chamber causes thesteam to intimately contact with the cooling surface of said chamber,and the condensed water is removed through said conduits.

2. The combination of a condenser chamber comprising a plurality ofannular tubes having an opening for the admission of steam and anemission opening, with water-cooling means adjacent to the same, theside of said chamber being concave in the direction of the flow of thesteam in the same, whereby the centrifugal force of the steam enteringsaid chamber causes the steam to intimately contact with the coolingsurface of said chamber.

3. The combination of a condenser cham ber comprising a plurality ofannular tubes having an opening for the admission of steam and anemission opening, with water-cooling means adjacent to the same, theside of said chamber being concave in the direction of the flow of thesteam in the same and having cavities or slots in the same, and conduitscommunicating with said slots, whereby the centrifugal force of thesteam entering said chamber causes the steam to intimately contact withthe cooling surface of said cham ber, and the condensed water is removedthrough said conduits.

4. The combination of a condenser chamber comprising a plurality ofannular tubes having an opening for the admission of steam and anemission opening, with water-cooling means adjacent to the same, theside of said chamber being concave in the direction of the flow of thesteam in the same and provided with ribs parallel to the direction offlow of the steam, whereby the condensing surface is increased.

5. The combination of a condenser chamber comprising a plurality ofannular con centric tubes closely adjoining one another.

and provided with water-separating slots and channels arrangedconcentrically therewith, said tubes being provided with steam admissionand emission openings and conduits communicating with the latter, withwater-cooling means adjacent to the same, substantiallyas described.

6. The combination of a steam engine having an exhaust port with acondenser chamber having an admission opening in immediate proximity tosaid exhaust port and an emission opening, a pipe connecting saidadmission opening with said exhaust port, and, water-cooling meansadjacent to said cham- 'ber, the side of said chamber being concave inthe direction of the flow of the steam in the same, for the purposespecified.

7. In combination, a steam engine having an exhaust port, a condenserchamber having an admission and an emission opening, watercooling meansadjacent to said chamber, the side of said chamber being concave in thedirection of the fl0W of the steam in the same, In testimony whereof, Iaffix my signature, a steam conduit connecting said exhaust ort inpresence of two Witnesses. With said admission opening of said cham er,

a surface condenser having an admission WHHELM HEINRICH EYERMANN' 5opening, and a steam condrut connecting the W1tnesses: v

latter opening with the emission opening of VVOLDEMAR HAUPT,

said condenserchamber. HENRY HASPER.

